Mmadụ na ọdịdị. UNESCO Man and Biosphere Programme

Ebe China sonyeere UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme, karịsịa ntọala nke Chinese National Committee for MAB Programm (MAB China), mmejuputa MAB arụwo ọrụ dị mma n'ichekwa ihe dị iche iche dị ndụ, iji ihe ndị sitere n'okike na-adịgide adịgide, iwulite gburugburu ebe obibi. mmepeanya na China mara mma, na mmepe nke nyocha gburugburu ebe obibi na China, Wang Ding, odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke MAB China, kwuru n'oge na-adịbeghị anya n'otu akụkọ e bipụtara na Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences.

N'akwụkwọ ya "Iji mee ka mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ụmụ mmadụ na ọdịdị dị mma ma nweta mmepe na-adịgide adịgide: UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Program in China," Wang na-enyocha ọganihu nke mmejuputa MAB na China, nyochaa nsogbu na ihe ịma aka, ma mee atụmatụ n'ihe gbasara nke a. mkpa na-arị elu nke ọchịchị gburugburu ebe obibi zuru ụwa ọnụ na iwulite obodo nkekọrịta ọdịnihu maka ndụ niile n'ụwa site na imekọ ihe ọnụ n'ime mba ụwa.

N'ime afọ 1950 na 1960, mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi na nchebe ji nwayọọ nwayọọ dọta uche ndị mmadụ. N'afọ 1971, René Maheu, onye bụbu onye isi ụlọ ọrụ UNESCO, bu ụzọ wepụta mmemme MAB n'ụwa niile na Nzukọ Ezumezu nke UNESCO. China sonyeere mmemme a na 1973, na kọmitii mba China maka nwoke UNESCO na mmemme Biosphere (MAB China) hiwere na 1978, site na nkwado nke Mahadum Sayensị China (CAS) na mmekorita ya na ministri ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ nchịkwa gburugburu ebe obibi. nchekwa, oke ohia, ugbo, mmuta, oke osimiri na ikuku, na ihe ndi ozo. Kemgbe ahụ, MAB China emeela nchọpụta dị iche iche na-ejikọta uru nke UNESCO-MAB na mkpa nke ihe ndị sitere n'okike na China.

Dị ka isiokwu ahụ si kwuo, China ewula ugbu a, naanị otu n'ime ụwa, netwọk biosphere nke mba nke ya, ma rụọ ọrụ nchebe dị ukwuu na mmepe mmepe na-adabere na netwọk ahụ. Ngụkọta nke mpaghara 34 echedoro, dị ka Changbaishan Nature Reserve na Jilin, Dinghushan Nature Reserve na Guangdong na Wolong Nature Reserve na Sichuan ka UNESCO họpụtara dị ka ihe nchekwa biosphere ụwa, yana ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mbụ na Eshia. "Ihe nchekwa ndị a na-egosipụta ihe dị iche iche dị ndụ na ichekwa gburugburu ebe obibi, iji akụ ndị sitere n'okike na-adigide, na nyocha ókèala na imekọ ihe ọnụ mba ụwa na nkwado nke mpaghara echedoro na obodo ndị gbara ya gburugburu," Wang na-ekwu.

Iji mee ihe n'ụzọ zuru ezu nke mba ụwa mgbanwe n'elu ikpo okwu nke MAB na n'ihu gbasaa mmetụta nke MAB na China, Chinese Biosphere Reserve Network (CBRN) e hiwere na 1993. Ka ọ na-erule njedebe nke 2020, 185 na-echebe eke ebe etinyewo na netwọk a. Pasent 80 n'ime ya bụ nchekwa ihe okike nke mba, na-aza pasenti 31 nke mkpokọta ihe okike dị na China. Netwọk a na-ekpuchi ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ isi niile ụdị gburugburu ebe obibi na mpaghara echekwabara ụdị ndụ dị iche iche na mba ahụ. "Network na-ejide nzukọ ọmụmụ ihe na ihe omume mgbanwe ndị ọzọ kwa afọ, na-aghọ otu n'ime isi mgbanwe mgbanwe nke ngalaba na inter-disciplinary maka ebe echedoro eke," Wang dere.

“Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na CBRN bụ netwọk mba mbụ kwekọrọ na netwọkụ biosphere reserves ụwa (WBRN), na UNESCO akwadola ọrụ ọsụ ụzọ a nke ukwuu. Ebumnuche ahụ kwalitere UNESCO iji wuo netwọk mpaghara na netwọkụ isiokwu nke ihe nchekwa biosphere ụwa, nke, ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, kesara amamihe ndị China na ụwa. Na 1996, MAB China nyere Fred M. Packard Award (otu n'ime ihe nrite mba ụwa kachasị mkpa na nchekwa eke) site na International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), na isi ihe kpatara ya bụ ntọhapụ nke CBRN iji kwalite. omume ka ukwuu nke MAB," ọ gara n'ihu.

Wang na-ekwupụta na emebela omume mmepe bara ụba na nchekwa biosphere. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ihe nchekwa biosphere na obodo ndị gbara ya gburugburu ka emelitere iji kwalite mmepe na-adịgide adịgide, na ecotourism ahaziri ahazi ka akwadoro iji kwalite mmepe na-adigide. Dịka mmemme sayensị mba ụwa zuru ụwa ọnụ, MAB akwadola ọtụtụ ọrụ nyocha, ma hazie ma mejuputa ọtụtụ ọrụ nyocha na nleba anya na mmekorita ya na ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ nwere ikike n'ụlọ na mba ofesi kemgbe 1980s. Ebufere echiche nke nkwekọ n'etiti mmadụ na okike site na mgbasa ozi ọdịnala na nke ọhụrụ, yana enwerekwa usoro ọzụzụ iji meziwanye ikike ikike nke nchekwa.

N'agbanyeghị nnukwu ihe a rụzuru, Wang kwuru, a ka nwere ihe ịma aka ụfọdụ n'imejuputa mmemme a na China. "Ọkachasị, ọ ga-abụ nnukwu ọrụ maka China inye egwuregwu zuru oke maka uru ma mejupụta erughị eru na oge mgbasa ozi na-ewu ebe nchekwa eke ebe nchekwa nke ogige ntụrụndụ mba na-achịkwa," ka ọ na-egosi. "MAB China ga-agba mbọ ịkwalite mmepe ka mma nke UNESCO-MAB na China site na akụkụ atọ."

Nke mbụ bụ ime ka ọrụ ndị isi nke sayensị sikwuo ike. "Ọ dị mkpa ịga n'ihu na-eduzi na nkwado nke sayensị na teknụzụ yana uru nke otu talent nhazi nke CAS." Ọ na-atụkwa aro ime ka mmekọrịta mba ụwa sikwuo ike iji kwalite mgbanwe n'etiti China na ụwa. "N'otu aka, anyị ga-aga n'ihu na-ebufe echiche dị elu nke mba ụwa banyere njikwa gburugburu ebe obibi na China; N'aka nke ọzọ, anyị ga-ekesa ahụmahụ China na nso nso a ecological mmepe mmepe na Chinese amamihe n'ụwa," o kwuru. Ndụmọdụ ya nke atọ bụ ka e nyekwuo ndị ọkachamara nke ngalaba metụtara egwuregwu egwuregwu ma nweta amamihe iji wuo obodo nke ọdịnihu ga-ekekọrịta maka ndụ niile dị n'ụwa.