Willard Hotel: Ebe obibi okomoko nke ndị isi ala

Ndị ọrụ ogige ntụrụndụ mba na Ngalaba ime ime US na-akọwa akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Willard Hotel dị ka ndị a:

Onye edemede America bụ Nathaniel Hawthorne kwuru n'afọ ndị 1860 na "A pụrụ ịkpọ ụlọ nkwari akụ Willard n'ụzọ ziri ezi n'etiti Washington karịa Capitol ma ọ bụ White House ma ọ bụ Ngalaba Ọchịchị." Site na 1847 mgbe ụmụnna Willard na-eme ihe, Henry na Edwin, hibere mbụ dị ka ndị na-elekọta ụlọ n'akụkụ 14th Street na Pennsylvania Avenue, Willard ejirila niche pụrụ iche na akụkọ ntolite Washington na mba ahụ.

Henry Willard hiwere ụlọ nkwari akụ nke Willard mgbe ọ gbazitere ụlọ isii ahụ na 1847, jikọta ha ka ọ bụrụ otu ihe owuwu ma gbasaa ya ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ nwere okpukpu anọ ọ kpọgharịrị aha ya bụ Willard Hotel. Willard zụtara ụlọ nkwari akụ ahụ n'aka Ogle Tayloe na 1864.

N'afọ ndị 1860, onye edemede Nathaniel Hawthorne dere na "A pụrụ ịkpọ ụlọ nkwari akụ Willard n'ụzọ ziri ezi na etiti Washington karịa Capitol ma ọ bụ White House ma ọ bụ Ngalaba Ọchịchị."

Site na February 4 ruo February 27, 1861, Peace Congress, nke gosipụtara ndị nnọchiteanya sitere na 21 nke steeti 34, zutere na Willard na mgbalị ikpeazụ iji gbochie Agha Obodo. Ihe ncheta sitere na Kọmitii Agha Obodo Virginia, nke dị na Pennsylvania Ave. n'akụkụ ụlọ nkwari akụ ahụ, na-echeta mbọ a nwere obi ike. Mgbe afọ ahụ gasịrị, mgbe ọ nụrụ otu òtù ndị agha na-abụ "John Brown's Body" ka ha na-aga n'okpuru windo ya, Julia Ward Howe dere abụ ahụ na "The Battle Hymn of the Republic" mgbe ọ nọ na họtel na November 1861.

Na February 23, 1861, n'etiti ọtụtụ egwu igbu mmadụ, onye nchọpụta Allan Pinkerton kpọbatara Abraham Lincoln n'ime Willard; N'ebe ahụ Lincoln biri ruo mgbe nraranye ya na March 4, na-enwe nzukọ n'ime ọnụ ụlọ ma na-azụ ahịa site n'ọnụ ụlọ ya.

Ọtụtụ ndị isi United States na-agakarị Willard, na onye isi ala ọ bụla kemgbe Franklin Pierce na-ehi ụra ma ọ bụ gaa ihe omume na nkwari akụ ọ dịkarịa ala otu ugboro; N'ihi ya, a na-akpọkwa ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ ahụ dị ka "ebe obibi nke ndị isi." Ọ bụ àgwà Ulysses S. Grant ịṅụ mmanya whiskey ma na-aṅụ sịga mgbe ọ na-atụrụ ndụ n'ime ime ụlọ. Folklore (nke ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na-akwalite) na-ekwu na nke a bụ mmalite nke okwu ahụ bụ "ịgba ume," dị ka Grant na-abịakwutekarị ndị na-achọ ihu ọma. Otú ọ dị, nke a nwere ike ịbụ ụgha, dị ka Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary depụtara ngwaa ahụ "to lobby" na 1837. Grover Cleveland biri n'ebe ahụ ná mmalite nke okwu nke abụọ ya na 1893, n'ihi nchegbu maka ahụ ike nwa ya nwanyị nke na-esote ntiwapụ na nso nso a. Ahụ ọkụ na-acha uhie uhie na White House. Atụmatụ maka Woodrow Wilson's League of Nations were ọdịdị mgbe ọ na-enwe nzukọ nke Njikọ iji mee ka udo dị na ọnụ ụlọ nkwari akụ na 1916. Ndị isi oche isii nọ ọdụ na Willard. Millard Fillmore na Thomas A. Hendricks, n'ime obere oge ya n'ọkwa ọchịchị, biri na Willard ochie; na mgbe ahụ, osote onye isi ala, James S. Sherman, Calvin Coolidge na n'ikpeazụ Charles Dawes niile biri na ụlọ ugbu a maka opekata mpe akụkụ nke onye isi oche ha. Fillmore na Coolidge gara n'ihu na Willard, ọbụlagodi mgbe ọ ghọchara onyeisi oche, iji nye oge ezinụlọ mbụ pụọ na White House.

Ọtụtụ narị ndị uwe ojii, ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-alụ ọgụ maka Agha Ụwa Mbụ, nke mbụ gbakọtara na General of the Armies, John J. "Blackjack" Pershing, na Willard Hotel na October 2, 1922, ma guzosie ike na Reserve Officers Association (ROA). ) dị ka nzukọ.

Ihe owuwu dị ugbu a nwere akụkọ 12, nke onye a ma ama na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nkwari akụ Henry Janeway Hardenbergh mebere, meghere na 1901. Ọ tara nnukwu ọkụ na 1922 nke butere $250,000 (nke bụ $3,865,300 dị ka nke 2020), mebiri. Otu n'ime ndị a chụpụrụ n'ụlọ nkwari akụ ahụ bụ osote onye isi ala Calvin Coolidge, ọtụtụ ndị omebe iwu US, onye na-ede ihe nkiri John Philip Sousa, onye na-ese ihe nkiri Adolph Zukor, onye na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ Harry Chandler, na ọtụtụ ndị mgbasa ozi, ụlọ ọrụ na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị ọzọ bịara maka ya. Nri Anyasị Gridiron kwa afọ. Ruo ọtụtụ afọ Willard bụ naanị ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ nke mmadụ nwere ike isi na ya gaa na ogbe ndịda Washington n'ụzọ dị mfe, n'ihi ya, ọ nọrọla ọtụtụ ndị ama ama n'oge akụkọ ya.

Ezinụlọ Willard rere òkè nke ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na 1946, na n'ihi njikwa na-ezighị ezi na oke ọdịda nke mpaghara ahụ, ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ mechiri n'ebughị ọkwa mbụ na July 16, 1968. Ụlọ ahụ nọdụrụ oghere ruo ọtụtụ afọ, na ọtụtụ atụmatụ e sere n'elu maka. mbibi ya. N'ikpeazụ dabara na nnabata nke ọkara ọha ma ree ya na Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation. Ha mere asọmpi imezigharị ihe onwunwe ahụ wee nye ya ụlọ ọrụ Oliver Carr na Golding Associates. Ndị mmekọ abụọ a webatara InterContinental Hotels Group ka ọ bụrụ onye nwe ya na onye na-ahụ maka ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ. E mechara weghachi Willard ahụ n'ịma mma nke oge nke narị afọ ma gbakwunyere ndị na-ewu ụlọ ọrụ. E meghere ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ ahụ n'etiti nnukwu ememe na August 20, 1986, bụ nke ọtụtụ ndị ọka ikpe Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke United States na ndị nnọchiteanya US gara. N'ọgwụgwụ 1990s, ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ ahụ nwekwara nnukwu mweghachi ọzọ.

Martin Luther King Jr., dere okwu ya ama ama "Enwere m nrọ" n'ime ụlọ nkwari akụ ya na Willard n'ụbọchị ndị na-eduga na August 28, 1963 March na Washington maka Ọrụ na nnwere onwe.

Na Septemba 23, 1987, a kọrọ na Bob Fosse dara n'ime ụlọ ya na Willard ma mesịa nwụọ. E mechara mata na ọ nwụrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ George Washington University.

N'ime ọtụtụ ndị ọbịa a ma ama nke Willard bụ PT Barnum, Walt Whitman, General Tom Thumb, Samuel Morse, Duke nke Windsor, Harry Houdini, Gypsy Rose Lee, Gloria Swanson, Emily Dickinson, Jenny Lind, Charles Dickens, Bert Bell, Joe Paterno. , na Jim Sweeney.

Steven Spielberg gbara ngwụcha ihe nkiri ya Minority Report na nkwari akụ n'oge ọkọchị nke 2001. Ya na Tom Cruise na Max von Sydow gbara ihe nkiri na Willard Room, Peacock Alley na kichin.

N'ịbụ nke dị nanị ụzọ abụọ site na White House, ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ jupụtara na mmụọ nke ndị ama ama na ndị dị ike. N'ime afọ ndị gafeworonụ, ọ bụla ebe mgbakọ ndị isi ala, ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ndị gọvanọ, ndị edemede na omenala. Ọ bụ na Willard ka Julia Ward Howe dere "The Battle Hymn of the Republic." Gen. Ulysses S. Grant nọrọ n'ụlọikpe n'ime ọnụ ụlọ na Abraham Lincoln gbaziri slippers ụlọ n'aka onye nwe ya.

Ndị isi Taylor, Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan, Taft, Wilson, Coolidge na Harding nọrọ na Willard. Ndị ọbịa ndị ọzọ ama ama gụnyere Charles Dickens, Buffalo Bill, David Lloyd George, PT Barnum, na ndị ọzọ na-enweghị atụ. Walt Whitman tinyere Willard n'amaokwu ya na Mark Twain dere akwụkwọ abụọ n'ebe ahụ na mmalite 1900s. Ọ bụ osote onye isi ala Thomas R. Marshall, na-ewe iwe na ọnụ ahịa dị elu nke Willard, onye chepụtara nkebi ahịrịokwu ahụ "Ihe obodo a chọrọ bụ ezigbo sịga 5-cent."

Willard nọdụrụ oghere site na 1968 na n'ihe egwu nke mbibi ruo 1986 mgbe eweghachiri ya n'ebube mbụ ya. Ụlọ ọrụ National Park Service ji nlezianya hazie ọrụ mweghachi $73 iji megharịa ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ ahụ dịka akụkọ ihe mere eme dịka o kwere mee. E wepụrụ agba agba iri na isii n'osisi iji chọpụta agba mbụ 1901 nke ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ ahụ.

Onye nkatọ ụkpụrụ ụlọ New York Times Paul Goldberger dere na Septemba 2, 1986:

Ọtụtụ mweghachi nke ụlọ ndị a na-asọpụrụ na-adaba n'otu n'ime ụzọ abụọ, ha na-anwa ịmegharị dịka ikwesị ntụkwasị obi dịka o kwere mee ihe ọ dịbu, ma ọ bụ na ha bụ nkọwa ndị na-emepụta ihe na-eji ihe owuwu mbụ eme ihe dị ka ebe a na-amali elu.

Ụlọ nkwari akụ Willard emezigharịrị ọhụrụ bụ ha abụọ. Ọkara nke ọrụ a gụnyere nkwanye ùgwù mweghachi nke nnukwu ụlọ nkwari akụ Washington, ihe owuwu Beaux-Arts a ma ama nke Henry Hardenbergh mebiela kemgbe 1968, onye mbelata nke agbata obi ya, ihe ole na ole n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke White House. Ọkara nke ọzọ bụ nke a tụrụ n'anya nke ukwuu, mgbakwunye ọhụrụ nwere ụlọ ọrụ, ụlọ ahịa, ebe ọha na eze na ọnụ ụlọ ịgba egwu ọhụrụ maka ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ.

Stanley Turkey akpọrọ ya dị ka 2020 Historian of the Year site Historic Hotels of America, mmemme gọọmentị nke National Trust for Historic Preservation, nke akpọrọ aha ya na 2015 na 2014. Turkel bụ onye na-ahụ maka ụlọ nkwari akụ kacha ebipụta na United States. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ ndụmọdụ ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ ya na-eje ozi dị ka onye akaebe ọkachamara n'okwu metụtara ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ, na-enye njikwa akụ na ụba na nyocha franching ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ. A kwadoro ya dị ka onye na-eweta ihe oriri na nkwari akụ Master site n'aka Educational Institute of the American Hotel and Lodging Association. [email protected] 917-628-8549

Akwụkwọ ọhụrụ ya "Great American Hotel Architects Volume 2" ka ebipụtala.

Akwụkwọ nkwari akụ ndị ọzọ ebipụtara:

• Great American Hoteliers: Ndị ọsụ ụzọ nke ụlọ ọrụ nkwari akụ (2009)

• Ewuru Ka Ọ Ga-adịgide: Ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ 100+ Afọ na New York (2011)

• Ewuru ruo Ikpeazụ: Hotels 100+ Afọ Ọwụwa Anyanwụ nke Mississippi (2013)

• Hotel Mavens: Lucius M. Boomer, George C. Boldt, Oscar nke Waldorf (2014)

• Great American Hoteliers Mpịakọta 2: Ndị ọsụ ụzọ nke ụlọ ọrụ nkwari akụ (2016)

• Ewuru ruo Ikpeazụ: Hotels 100+ Afọ Ọdịda Anyanwụ nke Mississippi (2017)

• Ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ Mavens Mpịakọta 2: Henry Morrison Flagler, Henry Bradley Plant, Carl Graham Fisher (2018)

• Great American Hotel Architects Volume I (2019)

• Hotel Mavens: Mpịakọta 3: Bob na Larry Tisch, Ralph Hitz, Cesar Ritz, Curt Strand

Enwere ike ịnye akwụkwọ ndị a niile site na AuthorHouse site na ịga stanleyturkel.com  na ịpị aha akwụkwọ ahụ.

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