N’akwụkwọ Deuterọnọmi, e depụtara mkpụrụ osisi vaịn dị ka otu n’ime ụdị mkpụrụ asaa a gọziri agọzi nke a na-achọta n’ala Izrel.

Dị ka Akwụkwọ Ọnụ Ọgụgụ si kwuo, Mozis zipụrụ ndị nledo ka ha gaa wepụta Ala Nkwa ahụ. Ha ji ụyọkọ mkpụrụ vaịn buru ibu lọta nke na a ga-esi n’osisi kwụchie ha ma were ndị ikom abụọ buru ha. Taa, ma ụlọ mmanya Carmel na Gọọmenti Israel na-eji ihe oyiyi a dị ka akara ngosi ha. A họpụtara mkpụrụ vaịn ndị ahụ iji gosi na ala ahụ na-eru na mmiri ara ehi na mmanụ aṅụ; njikọ osisi vine otu n’ime ngozi nke Ala Nkwa ahụ—nkwa ahụ e kwere ụmụ Izrel.

Mgbe ahụ, Eze David (3000 TOA, ihe dị ka) bịara bụ onye a kọrọ na o nwere nnukwu ụlọ mmanya na onye ọrụ e kenyere ịhọpụta mmanya maka nri ya (nke mbụ nke ụwa?). Ndị Alakụba wakporo ndị Alakụba kwụsịrị imepụta mmanya na 600 TOA, e bibiekwa ubi vine nke Izrel. Ndị mọnk bi na ebe obibi ndị mọnk na obodo ndị Juu na-eme ememe okpukpe ka e kwere ka ha tinye mmanya maka ebumnuche sacrament - mana - ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ.

Mmanya sitere na Israel A na-ebuga ya na Rom n'oge oge ndị Rom na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-emegharịghachi nwa oge n'oge nchịkwa nke Crusaders (1100-1300). Ọ bụ ezie na mmanya maliteghachiri obere oge, mwakpo na nchịkwa nke Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman (1517-1917) kwụsịrị imepụta mmanya n'Izrel ruo afọ 400. Ọ bụ na narị afọ nke 19 (1848) ka Yitzhak Shor meghere ụlọ mmanya na Israel; n'ụzọ dị mwute, a na-eji mmanya ahụ eme ihe nanị maka nzube okpukpe. N'ikpeazụ, Baron Edmond James de Rothschild a mụrụ French ghọtara ohere maka ụlọ ọrụ mmanya na Israel na ndị ọzọ bụ akụkọ ihe mere eme.

Ndị Rothschild maara banyere mmanya - nke a bụ ezinụlọ dị n'azụ Bordeaux, France, Château Lafite Rothschild. Ntinye ego ha ji ijeri dollar (malite na 1877) gụnyere ubi vine yana ohere agụmakwụkwọ ka ndị bi na ya wee mụta ka esi eme mmanya dị mma na mba ahụ. Mkpali na nkwado nke ezinụlọ Rothschild kpalitere ụlọ ọrụ mmanya nke Israel na ụlọ ọrụ Kamel Wine malitere na 1895, na-ere mmanya Rishon LeZion na Zichron Ya'akov, na-eguzobe mmanya nke Israel nke oge a.

N'ime mmalite 1900s, Israel lekwasịrị anya na nnwere onwe (na Mee 1948, Israel kwupụtara ọkwa steeti nweere onwe ya) na ịme mmanya kwụsịrị. N'ikpeazụ, n'afọ ndị 1970, a maliteghachiri ya na usoro ịme mmanya nke oge a na-eme ka mmanya na-atọ ụtọ ọ bụghị naanị ihe ọṅụṅụ na-aba n'anya maka ebumnuche okpukpe. N'afọ ndị 1980, a kpọtara ndị ọkachamara California na Israel ka ha webata usoro ọhụụ nke metụtara nke ọma na ụlọ mmanya na ubi-vine. N'afọ 2000, mmanya Israel ghọrọ mmanya na-atụ ụjọ na-eme ka mmanya si n'otu ubi vine na-achọpụta na nkewapụ àgwà site n'otu ebe dị n'ime ubi-vine.

Israel na-ewe ihe dị ka tọn 60,000 nke mkpụrụ vaịn ma na-amị ihe karịrị karama mmanya 40 nde kwa afọ.

Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-akwado 70+ azụmahịa wineries na iri kasị ukwuu wineries na-achịkwa 90 pasent nke mmepụta. Ọnụ ahịa mbupụ na $70+ nde. N'ime pasent 55 nke mbupụ na-aga na USA, ihe dịka pasent 35 ka a na-eduzi na Europe na nke fọdụrụ na-ebuga na Far East.

Àgwà nke Izrel

Israel bụ otu Eastern Mediterranean obodo dị n'akụkụ oke osimiri Mediterenian n'ọdịda anyanwụ yana Lebanon, Siria, Jọdan na Ijipt gbara ya gburugburu n'ebe ugwu, ọdịda anyanwụ na ndịda. Oke ala dị ihe dịka 7,992 sq. kilomita wee gbatịa kilomita 263 site na ugwu ruo na ndịda, na-akwado ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ nde 8.5. Ugwu ndị ahụ gụnyere Ugwu Hermon/Golan Heights, Ugwu Meron dị na Galili elu, na Oké Osimiri Nwụrụ Anwụ, nke kasị ala n'ụwa. Nchikota nke anyanwụ, ugwu na ugwu ugwu na-egosipụta ala nke nkume limestone, terra rossa (acha ọbara ọbara, ụrọ na ala silty na ọnọdụ pH na-anọpụ iche na àgwà mmiri mmiri dị mma), na tuf mgbawa na-emepụta paradaịs na-eme mmanya.

Akụkụ ahụ na-eme nri nke mba ahụ nwere ihu igwe Mediterenian nke nwere ogologo oge ọkọchị na-ekpo ọkụ na obere oge oyi mmiri ozuzo na snow na-apụta mgbe ụfọdụ n'elu ugwu dị elu, ọkachasị ugwu Golan, Ugwu Galili na ugwu Judia. Ọzara Negev kpuchiri ihe karịrị ọkara mba ahụ ma enwere mpaghara mmiri kpọrọ nkụ. Ihe kacha emetụta ihu igwe bụ Oké Osimiri Mediterenian nke ikuku, mmiri ozuzo na iru mmiri si n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na-abịa. Mmiri ozuzo n'oge oyi dị oke oke na n'ihi ụkọ mmiri ozuzo n'oge oge na-eto eto, mmiri mmiri na-eri nri dị mkpa. Ndị Izrel sụrụ ụzọ usoro a na mbido 1960 ma ejiri ya ugbu a n'ụwa niile.

N'ime ubi-vine

Ọtụtụ ubi vine ndị a kụrụ n'ime afọ 25 gara aga na-agbaso ụkpụrụ: 1.5 mita n'etiti vine na 3 mita n'etiti ahịrị. Njupụta ubi-vine na-emekarị bụ 2220 vine kwa hectare. Enwere mmasị maka owuwe ihe ubi nke na-ekwe ka emechaa owuwe ihe ubi abalị n'ime awa ole na ole, n'oge kachasị mma, ma weta ya na winery na oyi dị jụụ nke ụtụtụ.

Nlekọta nke mkpuchi dị ezigbo mkpa na obodo na-ekpo ọkụ na ọ dị mkpa iji belata ike nke vine ma chebe mkpụrụ vaịn site na nhụsianya. Ọtụtụ ubi-vine ka a na-egbutu ụdọ na ọnọdụ ịse VSP kwụ ọtọ. A na-akụ ụfọdụ ubi vine ochie n'otu iko, n'ụdị osisi vine, na n'Ugwu Judia, a na-akụ ụfọdụ ubi vine n'okirikiri nkume. Ubi vine ochie nwere ike ọ gaghị achọ ịgba mmiri n'ihi na mgbọrọgwụ nke osisi vine gwuru miri n'ime ala nkume kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ wee nweta mmiri a chọrọ. A na-egbute vine ndị a n'aka.

Mmanya Renaissance

Ugbu a, Carmel bụ nnukwu winery na Israel, na-achịkwa ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ pasent 50 nke ahịa mpaghara, ma bụrụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke atọ nke Israel site na ọnụ ahịa ahịa (Dunn & Bradstreet, Israel), na-ere ahịa nke $ 59.2 nde na ọnụego uto kwa afọ nke 5. pasent +/-. Kamel na-emepụta ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ karama 20 nde kwa afọ; onye asọmpi kacha nso bụ Barkan-Segal winery.

Kamel nwere mmalite dị umeala n'obi. Nzukọ ahụ malitere na 1895 wee bupụ mmanya na Poland, Austria, Great Britain, na US. Na 1902, Carmel Mizrahi malitere na Palestine ịzụ ahịa na ikesa mmanya n'obodo ukwu nke Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman.

Ka ọ na-erule ngwụsị narị afọ nke 19, mmanya Kamel dị mma nke ọma ka e gosi ya na ihe ngosi mba ụwa nke Berlin n'otu ọnụ ụlọ a na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ndị Juu na Palestine. Ọtụtụ puku mmadụ gara ihe ngosi ahụ wee nweta mmanya Rishon Le Zaịọn nke Kamel. Otu afọ ka e mesịrị, e mere ihe ngosi ọzọ na Hamburg bụ ebe a nabatara mmanya ndị ọbịa nke ọma na Rishon LeZion nwetara ihe nrite ọla edo na Paris World's Fair (1900). Ná mmalite narị afọ nke 20, Kamel ji alaka ndị dị na Damaskọs, Cairo, Beirut, Berlin, London, Warsaw, na Alexandra gbasaa ọrụ ya.

Ahịa mụbara n'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ. Mgbe agha ahụ kwụsịrị, ahịa kwụsịrị ka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ tụfuru nnukwu ahịa na Russia (esemokwu agha), na US bụ mmalite nke mmachibido iwu, na Egypt na Middle East, ọ bụ mmalite nke mba Arab. Ọzọkwa, a kụpụrụ ubi vine ndị Izrel ma jiri osisi citrus kụọ ya.

Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ wụliri elu-amalite ụlọ ọrụ mmanya na ebili mmiri nke ndị kwabatara gbanwere àgwà ịṅụ mmanya. Na 1957, Baron Edmond de Rothschild kwadoro ụlọ ọrụ mmanya abụọ na Cooperative of Winegrowers, Société Cooperative Vigneronne des Grandes Caves, nke a maara nke ọma n'okpuru aha ahia Carmel Mizrahi na Israel na Kamel n'ụwa nile. Mmanya na-atọ ụtọ nke a na-elekwasị anya n'okpukpe bụ ngwaahịa arịlịka Kamel; Otú ọ dị, mgbe ụwa ọhụrụ ahụ malitere n’ịme mmanya, ndị na-aṅụ mmanya Izrel malitere ịchọ ụdị dị iche iche. Ka ọ na-erule 1971 Cabernet Sauvignon na Sauvignon Blanc dị mma iji gosipụta ya n'ahịa US.

N'ụzọ dị mwute, 1980s hụrụ mkpọmkpọ ọzọ na ụlọ ọrụ mmanya ma ndị na-aṅụ mmanya na-enwe ike ịgbake site n'etiti afọ iri ka a na-achọ maka mmanya dị mma na ndị na-eto eto webatara usoro mmanya ka mma nke na-eme ka mmanya Israel nwee ike ịsọ mpi na ụwa ogbo.

Nwe Kamel

Ọ bụ Kansụl nke otu ndị na-akụ osisi vaịn nwere kamel (pasent 75) na ndị Juu na-ahụ maka Israel (pasent 25). Ụlọ ọrụ nne na nna bụ Société Cooperative Vigneronne des Grandes Caves Richon Le Zion na Zikhron Ya'akov Ltd.

Ebe mbụ Kamel nwere bụ Rishon LeZion Winery, nke Baron de Rothschild wuru na 1890, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ mmepụta ihe kacha ochie na Israel ka na-arụ ọrụ. Ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ mbụ rụnyere ọkụ eletrik na ekwentị na David Ben-Gurion (Prime Minister mbụ nke Israel) bụ onye ọrụ.

N'ihe banyere mmepụta, ọ bụ nnukwu winery na Israel (na-emepụta mmanya, mmụọ, na ihe ọṅụṅụ mkpụrụ vaịn) na onye kasị na-emepụta mmanya kosher n'ụwa. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ enwetala ihe nrite karịa ndị na-emepụta mmanya Israel ọ bụla.

Ụlọ mmanya Kamel nwere ọtụtụ ubi-vine n'Izrel dum ma ha gụnyere ụfọdụ n'ime ubi vine kacha mma na mba ahụ. Ná nkezi, ihe ubi Kamel na-ewe ihe dị ka tọn 25,000 nke mkpụrụ vaịn, bụ́ ihe dị ka pasent 50 nke mkpokọta ihe ubi nke Israel. A na-ewere mpaghara ndị na-eto mmanya dị ka ndị kacha mma n'ihi na ha dị elu na ihu igwe oyi.

Kamel. Ire Israel

Kamel. Mkpegharị 2020. Cabernet Sauvignon, Ugwu Galili. Mmanya uhie akọrọ. Kosher maka ngabiga, Mevushal. gbatịa gbaa ụka na skins; gbara na gbọmgbọm oak French maka ọnwa 12. A naghị atụcha mmanya ahụ n'ụzọ siri ike na nke ọma tupu agbaa ya; eke sedimenti nwere ike ịpụta n'oge karama maturation.

Okwu kosher pụtara "dị ọcha." Ahịa ndị e lekwasịrị anya gụnyere ndị Juu na-ekpe okpukpe okpukpe ndị na-edebe iwu nri ndị Juu. Mmanya Kosher nwere ike ịbụ ọkwa ụwa, nweta akara ngosi mara mma ma nweta akara ngosi mba ụwa. A na-emepụta mmanya ndị ahụ site na iji otu usoro dị ka mmanya na-abụghị kosher. N'ihe banyere ịdị mma, aha kosher adịghị mkpa.

Galili bụ mpaghara nchịkwa na mmanya dị n'ebe ugwu Israel. “Mmiri ghọọ mmanya” bụ isiokwu nke ógbè ahụ dabeere n’ihe ndekọ akụkọ ihe mere eme banyere agbamakwụkwọ e mere na Kena, bụ́ ebe Jizọs mere mmiri ghọọ mmanya. Ụdị ala ahụ na-agụnye gravel na-agbapụta n'efu, nkume limestone na basalt mgbawa ugwu bara ụba. Ihe e ji mara mpaghara ahụ bụ elu okwute nke karịrị mita 450 (ụkwụ 1500). Ugwu dị jụụ na oke mmiri ozuzo dị na mpaghara a na-enye ohere ka mkpụrụ vaịn jigide acidity ha ma mepụta mmanya na-adị ọhụrụ ma dị egwu.

Notes

Acha odo odo na anya na ihe ngosi nke blueberries ọhụrụ na-atọ ụtọ imi, yana cassis. Mmanya a na-atọ ụtọ na-ewepụta mkpụrụ osisi chara acha, nke bara ụba na ekpomeekpo siri ike (chee Australian Shiraz, Chateauneuf-du-Pape) na palate ekele maka aro ose, ose, utu, cherry ọhụrụ, plums na akpụkpọ anụ. Ọ na-atọ ụtọ ịṅụ mmiri n'oge mkparịta ụka dị ukwuu ma ọ bụ jikọta ya na steaks, na pasta ihendori anụ.